When An Infected Tooth Becomes Much More

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(Credit: thodonal88/Shutterstock) Earlier this year, a surgical resident was paged to the emergency room to evaluate a man with an angry mass bulging beneath his chin. Dr. Habib Zalzal half race-walked, half ran to find a panting 40-year-old in obvious distress. In addition to an infection, the man had a choked, high-pitched voice, an elevated tongue, a swollen neck, and a drool. “Please help me,” read the panicked look on his face. In his patient’s eyes, Dr. Zalzal also saw ...read more

Ancient DNA Reveals New Human History Of Eurasian Steppes

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The grassy Eurasian steppes cover thousands of miles, from northwestern China to Hungary, creating what one researcher calls a “highway” for cultural exchange and conquest. (Credit Wikimedia Commons) A trio of new studies, two in Nature and the third in Science, analyzed genetic material from scores of ancient humans to create a new map of human movement, as well as the spread of language, the hepatitis B virus and horse domestication, across the sprawling Eurasian steppes ...read more

When Is A Planet A Planet?

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(Credit: Igor ZH/Shutterstock) On a basic level, it seems that most of the universe can be divided into two kinds of big objects: stars and planets. A star is a massive ball of burning gas whose main function is fusing hydrogen into helium. They are formed by huge clouds of gas that eventually come together in sufficient quantities to kick off nuclear reactions. Planets, in turn, come from the material left around the star after its formation. They form from small bits that clump together ...read more

Information to Action: Strengthening EPA Citizen Science Partnerships for Environmental Protection

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The new report from the National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology (NACEPT) is out: “Information to Action: Strengthening EPA Citizen Science Partnerships for Environmental Protection.” This report is a follow-up to the Council’s first report, “Environmental Protection Belongs to the People.” There are ten recommendations to the EPA in the report(s). As articulated on the EPA’s website: The Council’s April 2018 report, Information ...read more

Genetics May Decide If Skin Tans

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Ugh, another sunburn! (Credit: Shutterstock) Does your skin tend to tan after basking in the sun? If not, blame it, in part, on your genes. A new study, released Tuesday in Nature Communications, found 10 new pigmentation genes that may determine whether skin ends up tanning or just turning bright red from too much sunlight. These findings could also help pinpoint those likely to develop skin cancer, which is often tied to sun exposure. Skin cancer is the most common type of canc ...read more

Why Scientists Taught A Spider to Jump on Command

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A Regal Jumping Spider. (Credit: Jiri Prochazka/Shutterstock) Spiders may give you the creeps, but they’re pretty cool critters. They create silk that scientists are still learning from, and use them to spin webs that are natural works of symmetric art. And, uh, some spiders can jump. That might not seem as cool — and certainly doesn’t help on the creepiness front — but as a team of UK scientists has shown, we could learn a lot from the leaps a spider makes, too. How to ...read more

The Case Against Dark Matter

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Verlinde believes that this is an indication that he is on to something. “That fact kind of hints that it has something to do with the Hubble expansion [of the universe], which at present is due to the presence of dark energy,” he says. The Hubble constant describes the observed accelerating expansion of the universe. This acceleration is unexplained, but has been attributed to “dark energy,” which Verlinde says can be used to explain away the idea of dark matter. “ ...read more

Ground Vibrations Could Help Us Spy on Elephants

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Elephants like this African elephant create vibrations with every step they take. Now, researchers are measuring those vibrations to try and determine elephant behavior from a distance. (Credit: Robbie Labanowski) What’s the first thing that comes to mind when you think of an elephant? Smart? Definitely. Social? Yup. Quiet? Maybe not. Now researchers could take advantage of the pachyderms’ sometimes-noisy habits to help keep tabs on them. A new paper published in the journal C ...read more

Birds Travel Thousands of Miles to Save Energy

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(Credit: zizar/Shutterstock) Should I stay, or should I go? It’s a question we might imagine birds asking themselves every time the seasons change. Many, of course, do decide to leave, packing up for warmer or cooler climes, depending on the time of year. But many, the majority, in fact, don’t migrate. The old adage might be true after all. If you stay there will be trouble — but if you go, it’ll be double. Clash of Opinions What then, is the deciding factor for the bir ...read more

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