Large language models like ChatGPT are revolutionizing the way people write. But that creates a problem for scientists. These models are trained on human knowledge that already exists, whereas science is generally concerned with new findings that extend this body of knowledge. So scientific papers can contain information that an LLM will never have seen. That means asking one of these machines to write a scientific paper raises important questions about whether it can write accurate statements ...read more

When a flock of crows began antagonizing an owl in my neighborhood, we could hear the commotion from blocks away. It was late morning, a time when owls typically sleep.Dozens of crows swarmed the owl as it moved from a tree branch to a rooftop to a fence post. The owl seemed old and was missing an eye, and at times it seemed as though it was bracing itself when the crows darted close.The crows antagonizing the owl were exhibiting mobbing behavior. In the past 50 years, more scientists have becom ...read more

What happens to a dead body in an extremely cold environment? Does it decompose? How do these conditions affect how forensic scientists understand when the person died?Estimating time of death, also called the post-mortem interval, is a complex task. It plays an important role in forensic investigations, as it can provide critical insights into the timeline of events leading up to a person’s death. This information can narrow down potential scenarios and suspects, aiding in the resolution of c ...read more

Is the adage “calories in, calories out” true? The short answer is yes, but the full story is more nuanced.From the moment food touches your tongue to the time it leaves your body, your digestive system and gut microbiome work to extract its nutrients. Enzymes in your mouth, stomach and small intestine break down food for absorption, while microbes in your large intestine digest the leftovers.“Calories in, calories out” refers to the concept that weight change is determined by the balanc ...read more

One newly described group of Neanderthals appeared to have never met their neighbors.Scientists found a new lineage of the early humans that emerged about 100,000 years ago. They remained genetically stable for about 50,000 years ago and possessed genomes that differed from Neanderthals found elsewhere on Earth at that time, according to a report in the journal Cell Genomics. Remarkably, the newly described Neanderthals lived within walking distance of the greater population. The findings have t ...read more

Colugos look something like a cross between a bug-eyed pug, a flying fox, and a squirrel. But appearances can be deceiving. These mammals that glide the forests of Southeast Asia occupy a distinct branch of evolution, distantly related to primates.Also called flying lemurs – though this is a bit of a misnomer as they can’t fly and aren’t lemurs – these quirky-looking creatures live by night in the tropical forests of the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Thailand, and S ...read more

When the first fossil of the blue-jay-sized Longipteryx chaoyangensis was found in 2020, paleontologists thought its elongated skull with an extended, toothed beak suggested it ate fish. But a more recent look inside a specimen’s stomach showed the bird — which lived 120 million years ago in what’s now northeastern China — fed on fruit-like plants, according to a report in Current Biology.Comparing Longipteryx to Other Ancient BirdsPaleontologists initially compared the ancient bird to t ...read more

A lunar eclipse is one of the universe’s many captivating light shows. During this particular cosmic alignment, the Moon slips into our planet’s shadow, often transforming Luna’s familiar gray face into a stunning red orb. But what exactly causes a lunar eclipse, and why doesn’t it happen every month? Let's dive into everything you need to know about lunar eclipses, from their causes and frequency, to what makes them so captivating to stargazers worldwide.What Is a Lunar Eclipse?Total lu ...read more

Medical diseases have existed since ancient times. We’ve read about the horrors of the bubonic plague in history lessons, but did you know that even the plague technically still exists today? Over time, modern medicine has eradicated some of the most devastating diseases in the U.S., like smallpox, polio, rubella, malaria, and diphtheria. However, diseases like tuberculosis (TB) and the mumps do continue to exist. While it may surprise you that the following five diseases still exist today, we ...read more

Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can affect women nine times more often than men, often turning up in women in their 20s and 30s. It can cause joint pain, rashes, fatigue, and damage to organs — especially the kidneys. The root cause is still unclear, but it may have to do with genetics.“[Lupus] can cause injury to a number of different organs, all mediated by this particular autoimmune process,” says Deepak Rao, a rheumatologist at Harvard Medical School.New research is improving docto ...read more